Centrilobular emphysema: CT-pathologic correlation

Over a 5-year period, 25 patients who had undergone chest computed tomography (CT) died and were autopsied. Their lungs were fixed in the inflated state and were assessed for the presence and severity of centrilobular emphysema (CLE). Three radiologists independently evaluated the CT scans for nonperipheral low-attenuation areas, peripheral low-attenuation areas, pulmonary vascular pruning, pulmonary vascular distortion, and pulmonary density gradient. The CT criterion that best correlated with the presence and severity of CLE was the nonperipheral low-attenuation area. With this CT criterion, lung destruction was correctly identified in 13 of 15 cases. The absence of this criterion resulted in correct identification of eight of ten normal lungs. These preliminary data suggest that CLE can be reliably identified and quantified with current CT scanners.     

河北省高等医学院校临床教学基地现状与建设对策研究

结合本省高等医学院校教学基地评审工作,对临床教学工作存在的问题进行了剖析,其问题主要表现在:(1)院校双方缺乏必要的联系和沟通,临床教学中出现的问题不能及时得到解决.(2)盲目扩大临床教学基地,良莠兼收,临床教学质量无法保证.(3)一些教学医院承担教学任务不堪重负,临床教学在低水平状态下惰性运转.(4)带教教师素质不高,无法完成正常的临床教学任务.(5)受多种因素制约,学生的临床实践能力得不到锻炼.针对存在问题,提出以下对策和建议:(1)行政主管部门科学合理地规划高校临床教学基地.(2)建立临床带教教师培训基地,提高带教水平,优化临床带教队伍.(3)统一临床实习教学计划和大纲,规范临床教学和管理工作.(4)加强临床教学工作和管理经验的交流.     

313例成批同种异体肾移植术手术配合的组织与管理

肾移植术是治疗终末期肾病的有效方法之一，中等医院手术室规模小，人员配备少，同时进行多例手术时，合理利用现有资源，做好组织管理，娴熟配合为手术顺利开展提供有利保障。     

GCS induces multidrug resistance by regulating apoptosis-related genes in K562/AO2 cell line

We have previously shown that the expression of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) gene in drug-resistant K562/AO2 human leukemia cell was higher than that in drug-sensitive K562 cell, and the sensitivity to adriamycin of K562/AO2 cell was enhanced by inhibiting GCS. It is concluded that the overexpression of GCS gene is one of the reasons which lead to multidrug resistance (MDR) of leukemia cell. Meanwhile, we also found that higher expression of Bcl-2 gene and protein were exhibited in K562/AO2 cell compared with K562 cell. Basing on this, we hypothesized that the high expression of GCS gene which results in MDR of leukemia cell is correlated with Bcl-2 signal transduction. In order to validate the hypothesis, the inhibition of GCS gene in K562/AO2 cell was observed by using chemical suppressor PPMP and siRNA targeted at GCS, and applying RT-PCR and flow cytometry, the expression levels of apoptosis-related gene Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed before and after inhibiting GCS gene in K562/AO2 cell. The results demonstrated that the gene and protein of Bcl-2 in K562/AO2 cell were both down-regulated significantly after GCS gene being inhibited; however, the Bax mRNA expression had no apparent change in different groups. This suggested that GCS gene may contributed to MDR of human leukemia cell K562/AO2 by Bcl-2 signal transduction.     

血管内支架三角形截面结构流阻的数值模拟实验**

利用数值模拟方法分析新型的三角形截面支架的血液流阻，找出影响血流动力学的支架结构参数，为血管内支架结构设计和优化提供参考依据。通过SoildWorks软件构建了三角形截面裸支架在无限流场中的4种模型，借助ANSYS有限元软件分别对4种模型进行计算流体力学数值模拟，分析模型施加非定常流之后的流动情形、压力分布和流阻的变化情况。结果提示三角形截面形状的支架应用于动脉瘤可以使血流流入瘤腔的阻力大而流出瘤腔的阻力小，导致血液流出容易流入难，从而抑制瘤腔的血液灌注和流动，能够降低瘤腔内的压力，对于动脉瘤的治疗起到一定的效果，这为今后支架结构的设计提供了一些理论指导意义。     

Chemical markers for the quality control of herbal medicines: an overview

Selection of chemical markers is crucial for the quality control of herbal medicines, including authentication of genuine species, harvesting the best quality raw materials, evaluation of post-harvesting handling, assessment of intermediates and finished products, and detection of harmful or toxic ingredients. Ideal chemical markers should be the therapeutic components of herbal medicines. However, for most herbal medicines, the therapeutic components have not been fully elucidated or easily monitored. Bioactive, characteristic, main, synergistic, correlative, toxic and general components may be selected. This article reviews the effective use of chemical markers in the quality control of herbal medicines including the selection criteria considering the roles and physicochemical factors which may affect the effective use of chemical markers.     

金莲花药材高效液相色谱法指纹图谱分析

目的 建立金莲花药材的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法,对不同来源的金莲花药材进行分析.方法 色谱柱为Zorbax SB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),柱温30 ℃,检测波长200 nm,流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸水梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml/min,记录色谱图50 min.采用直观分析和相似度软件评价金莲花药材质量.结果 11批金莲花药材相似度较高,色谱峰强度是不同药材的主要差别,共有20个共有峰,其中两个主要共有特征色谱峰为荭草素-2'-O-β-L-半乳糖苷和荭草苷.结论 所建立的指纹图谱分析方法特征性强,为金莲花药材的质量控制提供了依据.     

中药发酵研究进展

本文论述了发酵对中药活性成分、药理作用、毒副作用、药效、中药资源及发酵工艺对中药质量的影响.发酵过程中微生物发挥强大的分解转化能力,并能产生丰富的次生代谢产物,中药炮制采用微生物发酵法具有一般方法所无法比拟的优势,为中药的发展开辟新的研究领域.应用现代发酵技术,定向发酵中药,应成为中药发酵研究的方向.